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Kim Gains From Russia's War What Isolation Never Gave Him and the Geometry of the New World Order

byTEAM KAIZEN BLOG

September 12, 2026

At the beginning of September, a new road bridge opened across the Tumen River between Russia and North Korea. Soldiers and weapons could soon be rolling across it, headed for a war that has brought Pyongyang in from the cold. That war has given Kim Jong Un what he had been missing for decades. He already had powerful allies. What he lacked were allies who actually needed him.

Since the summer of 2023, North Korea has been one of Moscow's most important suppliers of artillery ammunition and ballistic missiles. In July, South Korea's central bank estimated that the country's economy had grown by more than 3 percent for the third year in a row. That means it has overcome what began in 2017, when the toughest United Nations sanctions package up to that point went into effect. The road there ran through a slow reopening. The pandemic had pushed North Korea into near-total self-isolation, with trade with China dropping from $2.8 billion in 2019 to $318 million in 2021. By 2023, it had climbed back to around $2.3 billion. Fuel and machinery started coming into the country again, and North Korean goods once again found their way onto the Chinese market.

Kim made construction and the provinces a matter of state policy. In 2021, a program began to build 50,000 apartments in Pyongyang, and in 2024 came the "20×10" policy, which is supposed to modernize factories in 20 cities and counties every year for 10 years. Where the capital and heavy industry once got almost everything and the provinces were left to fend for themselves with outdated facilities, food and basic goods are now supposed to be produced across the country. Whether the new factories can keep running with electricity shortages and scarce materials remains an open question.

The satellite images show activity. Construction started just weeks after the program was announced, factories appeared in every participating location during the first year, and hospitals and agricultural facilities were added in 2025. In February 2026, the authorities declared the capital's housing program complete, with most of it concentrated in the new Hwasong district, which rose on former farmland. Visitors report taxis ordered through apps and payments made on screens. There are also imported cars from China, brought into the country in violation of sanctions. Most of the money for all of this came from the war. According to South Korean intelligence, North Korea had delivered more than 15 million artillery shells to Russia by August 2026. The Institute for National Security Strategy estimates revenue from weapons alone at more than $10 billion, an enormous amount for a country with annual economic output of around $27 billion. The roughly 15,000 soldiers sent to Russia brought in hundreds of millions more, with only a small portion of that money flowing into the state budget. The rest was likely paid in technology and materials or remains outstanding.

Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping and Kim Jong Un in Beijing on September 3, 2025.

The amount of the payments is not the decisive point. What matters more is that Moscow is hollowing out the sanctions from within. They worked after 2016 mainly because Russia and China took part in isolating Pyongyang, cutting off its access to fuel and foreign currency as well as export markets. Today, Russia buys the very weapons those restrictions were aimed at and at the same time supplies what the sanctions were meant to keep away. Moscow also provides military technology, ranging from air defenses to missile and satellite technology, for an army that still relies heavily on Soviet-era equipment.

The weight of this reversal can be seen in Putin himself. In 2017, he still condemned North Korea's nuclear tests outright and insisted that Russia fully complied with Security Council resolutions. In 2024, he traveled to Pyongyang and signed a mutual defense treaty. At the same time, he had billions of dollars' worth of ammunition purchased. In March 2024, Moscow blocked an extension of the UN panel of experts that monitored the sanctions, taking one of the Security Council's sharpest tools out of its hands.

North Korea's old burden has become its asset. During the Korean War, communist China intervened out of fear that a country aligned with Washington would emerge on its border, and to this day North Korea remains Beijing's only mutual defense obligation. Since the end of the Cold War, Pyongyang had little to offer its powerful neighbors, with a domestic market too poor to matter and a steady stream of scandals surrounding its nuclear program. The war turned that around. What once made the country a burden, its weapons and its willingness to supply them, suddenly became valuable.

North Korea's new independence has also pushed Beijing back into action. In June 2026, Xi Jinping visited North Korea for the first time in seven years and promised further support. By giving Kim another source of assistance, Moscow forced Beijing back into competition. Kim now takes economic help from China and weapons from Russia. He keeps both at a distance and lets neither take its influence for granted.

The Geometry of the New World Order

What is emerging in Beijing is more than symbolic politics. The deepened cooperation between Moscow, Beijing and Pyongyang has concrete effects on the global security architecture. North Korea’s massive munitions deliveries to Russia - experts speak of millions of artillery shells and tens of thousands of soldiers - have influenced the course of the war in Ukraine. In return, Pyongyang receives not only economic support but possibly also advanced military technology that could take the North Korean missile program to a new level.

China, which controls 98 percent of North Korea’s foreign trade and has remained Russia’s most important economic partner, plays a key role in this constellation. Beijing’s strategy is subtler than Moscow’s open confrontation or Pyongyang’s provocations, but no less effective. By maintaining economic ties with both countries, China effectively undercuts Western sanctions regimes and creates an alternative economic space that is increasingly escaping Western influence.

Traveling on a heavily armored and escorted special train, the North Korean dictator crossed the border into China on September 1, 2025, to attend celebrations marking the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II.

The signing of the defense pact between Putin and Kim in June of this year, which provides for mutual military assistance, has fundamentally changed the security equation in East Asia. Although China has not formally joined this pact, the demonstrative unity at the military parade sends a clear signal: these three powers see themselves as a counterweight to the Western-dominated international order.

That is why Pyongyang no longer needs rapprochement with Washington as urgently as it did in 2018, when Trump and Kim became the first leaders of their countries ever to meet face to face. Back then, the country was almost completely cut off, and the United States could offer eased sanctions and normal relations in exchange for concessions. Today, Kim has kept his arsenal and expanded his missile program. He has restored his trade. Much of what only an agreement with America once promised, he has found another way to obtain.

Trump drängt seit seiner Rückkehr ins Weiße Haus auf neue Gespräche. Am 16. August ordnete er wenige Stunden vor Beginn des jährlichen Manövers „Ulchi Freedom Shield“ mit Südkorea an, dessen Umfang stark zu verkleinern. Die Übungen seien teuer und sendeten ein vollkommen unangebrachtes und feindseliges Zeichen an Pjöngjang, das sich unter ihm harmlos und respektvoll verhalten habe. Aus 11 Tagen wurden fünf Tage. Seine Begründung ist ungewöhnlich offen: Seoul habe sich geweigert, die USA bei der Entnuklearisierung Irans zu unterstützen, außerdem habe Nordkorea sich während seiner Amtszeit „nicht bedrohlich und respektvoll“ verhalten. Die Übungen seien teuer und gegenüber Pjöngjang unangemessen feindselig, schrieb Trump. Weil eine vollständige Absage wenige Tage vor Beginn nicht mehr möglich sei, habe er Kriegsminister Pete Hegseth angewiesen, den Umfang erheblichSpäter sagte Washington auch gemeinsame Landungsübungen für September ab. Der Grund war nicht diplomatische Rücksicht, sondern fehlende Truppen. Der Krieg mit Iran bindet inzwischen so viele amerikanische Kräfte, dass Washington für die Manöver auf Divisionsniveau nicht mehr genug Personal bereitstellen konnte.

Da Nordkorea solche Manöver als Probe für einen Einmarsch liest, wirkt das wie ein Entgegenkommen, für das Trump nicht einmal ein Treffen mit Kim verlangte. Ob auch sein Ärger mitspielte, dass Seoul ihn im Krieg gegen Iran nicht stützte, bleibt offen. Ähnlich handelte er schon 2018, nach dem ersten Treffen in Singapur. Damals aber lief die stärkste Annäherung zwischen Nord und Süd seit der Teilung, Moon Jae In und Kim hatten erklärt, es werde zwischen beiden Koreas keinen Krieg mehr geben.

Von dieser Nähe ist nichts geblieben. Pjöngjang hat die Wiedervereinigung verworfen und den Süden zum Feind erklärt. Straßen und Gleise, die beide Seiten einst verbinden sollten, ließ es zerstören. Kim betrachtet seine Atomwaffen nicht mehr als Verhandlungsmasse. Sie sind ihm Bestandteil des Staates und Garantie seiner Souveränität. Der Krieg der USA gegen Iran habe ihm bestätigt, so Fachleute, dass der Angriff auf Teheran nur möglich gewesen sei, weil dem Land die nukleare Abschreckung fehlte. Ein Treffen mit Trump sei jederzeit denkbar, heißt es aus Seoul, doch zu ganz anderen Bedingungen als früher.

Auf der Halbinsel selbst liegt das Gewicht weiter klar im Süden. 2025 lag Südkoreas Volkseinkommen 56-mal höher als das des Nordens, allein der Wehretat Seouls übertrifft die geschätzte Wirtschaftsleistung Pjöngjangs. Die Volksarmee ist zahlreich, doch technisch unterlegen und auf altes Gerät angewiesen. Nur an einer Stelle schmilzt der Abstand, in der Bevölkerung. Südkoreas Geburtenrate fiel 2025 auf 0,8 Kinder je Frau, zwischen 2019 und 2025 sank die Zahl der 20-jährigen Männer um 30 Prozent, das Heer schrumpfte um 20 Prozent auf 450.000. Rund 50.000 Mann fehlen, aufgefangen bislang durch stärkere Rekrutierung und durch Technik.

Das 129-seitige Dokument stammt vom Institut für Friedens- und Vereinigungsstudien der Seoul National University. Die Studie trägt den Titel „Gesellschaftlicher Wandel in Nordkorea 2012-2020“ und untersuchte, wie sich das Alltagsleben, soziale Strukturen und die nordkoreanische Gesellschaft in diesen Jahren verändert haben. Sie gehört zur wissenschaftlichen Reihe des Instituts und dient als südkoreanische Forschungsgrundlage zur Entwicklung Nordkoreas unter Kim Jong Un

Auch im Norden liegt die Geburtenrate mit 1,8 unter dem Erhalt der Bevölkerung, und seit 2020 schwindet der arbeitsfähige Teil um fast 1 Prozent im Jahr. Kim schickt junge Menschen in Bergwerke und aufs Feld und zieht verheiratete Frauen in die Fabriken. Der Vorsprung des Nordens ist nur ein Aufschub, denn dieselbe Not kommt später auch über ihn, mit weniger Mitteln, sie abzufedern. Doch der Aufschub könnte reichen, um das Gleichgewicht zu verrücken, bevor es so weit ist.

Seit den späten 1980er-Jahren arbeitete die Zeit für Seoul, die Wirtschaft wuchs und die Armee wurde stärker, während der Norden verarmte. Dass die Zeit allein für den Süden läuft, lässt sich nicht mehr sagen. Setzen Trump und Kim sich wieder an einen Tisch, treffen die USA nicht mehr den abgeschnittenen Außenseiter von 2018. Sie treffen ein Land, das gelernt hat, im Zerfall der alten Ordnung zu seinen eigenen Bedingungen zu bestehen.

Independent Journalism · Kaizen Blog

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